Time banking fosters social inclusion by redefining the meaning of work. In traditional market economies, low-skilled workers are often seen as having lower economic value compared to professionals. However, time banking advocates for equality and mutual respect, where everyone’s time is valued equally, regardless of skill level. This principle is especially inclusive of marginalized groups such as the elderly or ethnic minorities who are often excluded from mainstream economic systems. Time banking provides them with opportunities to re-engage with society, thereby enhances social integration and participation (Seyfang, 2004).

Time banking builds and reinforces social networks by operating volunteer services through a co-production model. Co-production refers to the shared creation and delivery of services by both users and providers, enhancing the effectiveness of social service delivery (Cahn, 2000). With timebanking, participants connect with unfamiliar members through offering or requesting services and establish initial trust. Repeated face-to-face interactions further foster social bonds. Time banks often host regular meetings that allow participants and community members to collectively discuss and define common values and goals. These meetings will promote social cohesion and improve communication within the community.

Time banking promotes the concept of mutual help and reciprocity. Traditional volunteerism often emphasizes altruistic, one-way giving. In contrast, time banking uses a time-credit mechanism that not only quantifies each participant’s contribution but also emphasizes reciprocity and equality between service users and providers. This system frames help as a mutual exchange, alleviating the psychological burden of receiving help. People in need feel more comfortable requesting assistance when they know they can “give back” through time credits in the future, creating a balanced, dignity-affirming support system.